Patient radiation exposure from embolo-sclerotherapy of peripheral vascular malformations

Patient radiation exposure for EST of peripheral vascular malformations, measured in DAP and fluoroscopy times, appeared to be generally less than those reported for endovascular arterial and deep venous interventions in the literature. However, some patients with peripheral vascular malformations received relatively high radiation doses. Further studies to investigate the risk factors and long-term side-effects of radiation exposure in these patients and strategies to reduce it are required.