Inter- and intraspecific variation in juvenile metabolism and water loss among five biphasic amphibian species

Population persistence is informed by the ability of individuals to cope with local abiotic conditions, which is commonly mediated by physiological traits. Among biphasic amphibians, juveniles—which are infrequently studied but play a key role in amphibian population dynamics—are the first life stage to experience terrestrial conditions following the aquatic larval stage. To illuminate phenotypic variation that may allow juveniles to survive the physiological challenges presented by this transition, we examined respiratory surface area water loss ( RSAWL ) and standard metabolic rates (SMR) among juveniles reared under common larval conditions for five salamander species ( Ambystoma annulatum, A. maculatum, A. opacum, A. talpoideum, and A. texanum ) collected across 200 km of latitude in Missouri, USA. We found that SMR described 34