Measurement investigation on the feasibility of shallow geothermal energy for heating and cooling applied in agricultural greenhouses of Shouguang City: Ground temperature profiles and geothermal potential

•A temperature measurement model for the shallow zone was proposed.•Ground temperature profiles at depths of 0.1–3.6 m were obtained.•Geothermal potential for heating and cooling applications is relatively high.•Measurement model gave good stability results and can be used in combination with other studies.