Long-term Follow-Up of Patients with Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction Receiving Autonomic Regulation Therapy in the ANTHEM-HF Pilot Study

•Chronic VNS is associated with improvement in cardiac function and HF symptoms.•The ANTHEM-HF study evaluated VNS in HF patients with 42 months of follow-up.•There were no device-related SAEs or malfunctions during extended follow-up.•There was significant improvement in cardiac function and HF symptoms at 42 months.•This therapy is being further evaluated in a randomized, controlled, pivotal study.