bsAS , an antisense long non-coding RNA, controls cell fate through regulation of blistered/DSRF isoform expression

Summary Natural Antisense Transcripts (NATs) are long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that overlap coding genes in the opposite strand. NATs roles have been related to gene regulation through different mechanisms, including post-transcriptional RNA processing. With the aim to identify NATs with potential regulatory function during fly development, we generated RNA-Seq data in eye-antenna, leg, and wing at third instar larvae. Among the candidate NATs, we found bsAS , antisense to bs/DSRF , a gene involved in wing development and neural processes. Through the analysis of the RNA-Seq data, we found that these two different functions are carried out by the two different protein isoforms encoded in the bs gene. We also found that the usage of these isoforms is regulated by bsAS . This regulation is essential for the correct determination of cell fate during Drosophila development, as bsAS knockouts show highly aberrant phenotypes. bs regulation by bsAS is mediated by the specific physical interaction of the bsAS promoter with the promoters of bs , and it likely involves a mechanism, where expression of bsAS leads to the collision of RNA polymerases acting in opposite directions, preventing the elongation of the longer isoforms of bs , the ones carrying the neural related functions. Evolutionary analysis suggests that the bsAS NAT emerged simultaneously to the long-short isoform structure of bs , preceding the emergence of wings in insects, and maybe related to regulation of neural differentiation.