The mouse lung early cellular innate immune response is not sufficient to control fungal infection with Cryptococcus neoformans

causes life-threatening infection in the immunocompromised. This and other opportunistic pathogens are an increasing threat as immunosuppression increases globally. To counter antibiotic resistance, there is precedent for developing immune enhancing therapy. However, our understanding of how immunocompetent patients resolve these infections is poor as opportunistic infections typically resolve subclinically. Because this has led to a lack of clinical data, we rely on animal models. Current infection models either lack mammalian immunity or are not compatible with long term high content imaging required to model the complexities of human host-pathogen interactions. Therefore, we have developed an murine precision cut lung slice (PCLS) model to understand innate immunity in cryptococcosis. C57BL/6 mice were sacrificed 0 or 24 hours post infection with cryptococci. Lungs were inflated with 37°C agarose, 300μm thick PCLS were prepared on a vibratome and imaged by confocal or wide-field fluorescence microscopy. Using PCLS and immunofluorescence, we demonstrate cryptococcal replication and clearance rates are balanced over the first 24 hours of infection. Cell-mediated immunity is alveolar macrophage centric, although alveolar macrophages demonstrate limited phagocytosis of cryptococci and enable intracellular cryptococcal replication. responded to the lung environment by forming enlarged cells, although these were not large enough to be titan cells. To further understand cryptococcal proliferation , we also infected animals with mutant that has been shown to exhibit proliferation defects . We found no difference in fungal burden with infected animals 24 hours post infection, but observed significantly larger fungal cells and no incidences of phagocytosis. Thus, the PCLS model can be used to assess the lung immune response early in cryptococcal infection, demonstrating that resident lung macrophages cannot control cryptococcal infection and offer an intracellular niche for growth.