Dual-specificity phosphatases in mental and neurological disorders

•The dual-specificity phosphatase (DUSP) family includes a heterogeneous group of protein phosphatases that are characterized by the removal of a phosphorus group from both phospho-tyrosine and phospho-serine/phospho-threonine residues within a single substrate.•DUSP proteins have been shown to modulate diverse neural functions, such as neurogenesis, differentiation, and apoptosis.•Genetic and epigenetic studies have identified associations between several DUSP family members and a variety of mental and neurological disorders.