Insights On Toxin Genotyping, Virulence, Antibiogram Profiling, Biofilm Formation And Efficacy Of Disinfectants On Biofilms Ofclostridium Perfringensisolated From Poultry, Animals And Humans

Aims This study aimed to determine the toxin genotypes, virulence determinants and antibiogram ofClostridium perfringensisolated from poultry, animals and humans. Biofilm formation and the efficacy of disinfectants onC. perfringensbiofilms were studied. Methods and Results ThirtyC. perfringensisolates (20 clinical and 10 from chicken carcasses) were genotyped by PCR and all isolates were genotype A (cpa+). The overall prevalence ofcpe,cpb2,netBandtpeLvirulence genes was 6 center dot 7, 56 center dot 7, 56 center dot 7 and 36 center dot 7% respectively. Twenty-one isolates (70%) were multidrug-resistant, 8 (26 center dot 7%) were extensive drug-resistant and one isolate (3 center dot 3%) was pan drug-resistant. The average multiple antibiotic resistance index was 0 center dot 7. Biofilms were produced by 63 center dot 3% ofC. perfringensisolates and categorized as weak (36 center dot 7%), moderate (16 center dot 7%) and strong (10%). Sodium hypochlorite caused significant reduction inC. perfringensbiofilms (P 0 center dot 0001). Conclusions AllC. perfringensstrains in this study were type A, resistant to multiple antibiotics and most of them were biofilm producers. Sodium hypochlorite showed higher efficacy in reducingC. perfringensbiofilms. Significance and Impact of the Study This study reported the efficacy of disinfectants in reducingC. perfringensbiofilms of economic and public health concern and recommends application on surfaces in farms, food processing plants and slaughterhouses.