Continuous Estimation of Acute Changes in Preload Using Epicardially Attached Accelerometers

Objective: A miniaturized accelerometer can be incorporated in temporary pacemaker leads which are routinely attached to the epicardium during cardiac surgery and provide continuous monitoring of cardiac motion during and following surgery. We tested if such a sensor could be used to assess volume status, which is essential in hemodynamically unstable patients. Methods: An accelerometer was attach...