Outcomes and Early Recurrence Following Enzymatic (Collagenase) Treatment of Moderate and Severe Dupuytren Contractures

Purpose We offer collagenase Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) injections to all patients with a Dupuytren contracture and a palpable cord. We assessed whether more severe contractures respond less well or recur more frequently.Methods From a database of 502 CCH injections, 386 (77%) had a complete dataset with minimum 1-year face-to-face follow-up. Contracture severity was assessed using the Tubiana system: grade 1 (27%), grade 2 (49%), grade 3 (19%), and grade 4 (5%). Patients received a single intralesional injection of 0.58 mg CCH followed by manipulation. Finger position was measured at 6 to 12 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Failure to break the cord, skin tears, and any adverse events were noted. Recurrence was defined as a failure to maintain any prior correction to within 20 degrees.Results There were 17 failures (4%) and 6 allergic reactions (1%). We found 31% corrected completely, with approximately half remaining corrected at 1 year. We achieved 43 degrees (95% confidence interval, 40 degrees-46 degrees) correction of combined deformity, with 11 degrees (95% confidence interval, 9 degrees-13 degrees) correction attrition over 1 year. Sixteen percent of treated digits experienced a recurrence with no difference between Tubiana grades, and one-third chose further treatment. Following treatment, Tubiana grade 1 contractures improved by 78% in comparison with higher grade contractures (55%-67% relative correction). By 1 year, all grades had a similar mean 46% relative correction. A complete correction was seen in 61% of grade 1 contractures, with more severe contractures less likely to correct completely (9%-24%). A 31% skin tear rate had no impact on outcome, recurrence, or long-term morbidity.Conclusions CCH may treat any Dupuytren cord regardless of severity. Although contracture may recur, few patients pursue further treatment within 1 year. Copyright (C) 2020 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand. All rights reserved.