Kinetic characterization of adsorbed toluene removal involving hybrid material catalysts— [M/13X-γ-Al2O3 (M: Ag, Ce, Mn, and Co)] in a sequential non-thermal plasma system

•Hybrid catalysis were used for adsorbed toluene removal by non-thermal plasma.•The toluene mineralization fit with the pseudo-second-order kinetic model.•The model determined by P and n0 is expressed as: 0.0009n0−2.402⋅P⋅t=1/n−1/n0.•The reliability of the kinetic model was verified.