A novel chloroplast super-complex consisting of the ATP synthase and photosystem I reaction center.

Several 'super-complexes' of individual hetero-oligomeric membrane protein complexes, whose function is to facilitate intra-membrane electron and proton transfer and harvesting of light energy, have been previously characterized in the mitochondrial cristae and chloroplast thylakoid membranes. We report the presence of an intra-membrane super-complex dominated by the ATP-synthase, photosystem I (PSI) reaction-center complex and the ferredoxin-NADP+ Reductase (FNR) in the thylakoid membrane. The presence of the super-complex has been documented by mass spectrometry, clear-native PAGE and Western Blot analyses. This is the first documented presence of ATP synthase in a super-complex with the PSI reaction-center located in the non-appressed stromal domain of the thylakoid membrane.