The Augmented Space of a Smart City.

Dynamic smart cities models should provide enhanced descriptions on the corresponding systems, processes and services to facilitate their continuous improvement, learning and innovation, oriented to satisfy the increasing necessities of the involved educated citizens. This paper proposes an enterprise architecture framework (EAF) for smart cities, supported by a hybrid model based on a geographic information system (GIS) and associated graph-database (GDB). The corresponding framework allows managing and integrating: spatial and nonspatial data, dynamic and static data, numeric and semantic data, physical and conceptual data, information and knowledge, and associated relations of the corresponding city systems, environment and context. The augmented space model considered is based on augmented reality (AR) and augmented space (AS) principles, which includes augmented systems, channels, images, models and maps. This cognitive space can improve the governance, observability and controllability, interactions, visibility, transparency, monitoring, and review of the corresponding city services. The model supports the selected enterprise architecture framework for continuously aligning the diverse city stakeholder goals, technologies, ecosystems and roadmaps. Several application factors, at different levels, are analyzed to demonstrate the capabilities and possibilities of the proposed model.