Demographics Of The Semi-Slug Parmarion Martensi, An Intermediate Host For Angiostrongylus Cantonensis In Hawai'I, During Laboratory Rearing

The semi-slug, Parmarion martensi, is an intermediate host of the zoonotic nematode, Angiostrongylus cantonensis, the aetiological agent of neuroangiostrongyliasis or rat lungworm disease in humans. Rearing methods were developed for P. martensi to facilitate studies on nematode transmission and control. Parmarion martensi exhibited high survivorship when reared on a diet of dog food and fresh fruits and vegetables in temperature-controlled cabinets at 21.4 degrees C, 98% relative humidity and 12:12 L:D cycle. Rearing containers were lined with moist paper towels for substrate and plastic pots were provided for hiding/resting and egg-laying. Under these conditions, time to first reproduction was 165.3 +/- 12.3 days, fecundity was approximately 34.5 +/- 7.8 eggs per adult, and hatch rate was 52.7 +/- 3.2%. Survivorship post egg hatch was 86.2 +/- 2.9% at 30 days (neonates had a mortality rate of about 14%) and 99% thereafter for up to a year. The demographics of laboratory-reared and wild-caught P. martensi were similar except for the weight of reproductive adults, which was significantly higher in laboratory-reared adults (4.0 +/- 0.2 g) than in field-collected adults (1.5 +/- 0.1 g).