Decipher the connections between proteins and phenotypes.

As the outward-most representation of life, phenotype is the fundamental basis with which humans understand life and disease. But with the advent of molecular and sequencing technique and research, a growing portion of science research focuses primarily on the molecular level of life. Our understanding in molecular variations and mechanisms can only be fully utilized when they are translated into the phenotypic level. In this study, we constructed similarity network for phenotype ontology, and then applied network analysis methods to discover phenotype/disease clusters. Then, we used machine learning models to predict protein-phenotype associations. Each protein was characterized by the functional profiles of its interaction neighbors on the protein-protein interaction network. Our methods can not only predict protein-phenotype associations, but also reveal the underlying mechanisms from protein to phenotype.