Probing the Effects of Strong Electromagnetic Fields with Charge-Dependent Directed Flow in Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC.
S Acharya,D Adamová, A Adler,J Adolfsson,M M Aggarwal,G Aglieri Rinella,M Agnello,N Agrawal, Z Ahammed,S Ahmad,S U Ahn,A Akindinov, M Al-Turany,S N Alam, D S D Albuquerque,D Aleksandrov, B Alessandro, H M Alfanda,R Alfaro Molina,B Ali,Y Ali,A Alici,A Alkin,J Alme, T Alt, L Altenkamper,I Altsybeev, M N Anaam,C Andrei,D Andreou,H A Andrews, A Andronic, M Angeletti,V Anguelov,C Anson, T Antičić, F Antinori, P Antonioli, R Anwar,N Apadula,L Aphecetche,H Appelshäuser, S Arcelli,R Arnaldi,M Arratia,I C Arsene, M Arslandok, A Augustinus, R Averbeck,S Aziz,M D Azmi, A Badalà,Y W Baek, S Bagnasco, X Bai, R Bailhache,R Bala, A Baldisseri,M Ball,S Balouza,R Barbera,L Barioglio,G G Barnaföldi,L S Barnby,V Barret,P Bartalini, K Barth,E Bartsch,F Baruffaldi,N Bastid,S Basu,G Batigne, B Batyunya,D Bauri,J L Bazo Alba,I G Bearden,C Bedda,N K Behera,I Belikov,A D C Bell Hechavarria,F Bellini,R Bellwied,V Belyaev,G Bencedi,S Beole,A Bercuci,Y Berdnikov,D Berenyi, R A Bertens, D Berzano, M G Besoiu,L Betev,A Bhasin,I R Bhat,M A Bhat,H Bhatt,B Bhattacharjee,A Bianchi,L Bianchi,N Bianchi, J Bielčík, J Bielčíková, A Bilandzic,G Biro,R Biswas,S Biswas,J T Blair, D Blau,C Blume,G Boca,F Bock,A Bogdanov,S Boi, L Boldizsár,A Bolozdynya, M Bombara,G Bonomi, H Borel, A Borissov, H Bossi,E Botta, L Bratrud, P Braun-Munzinger,M Bregant, M Broz, E J Brucken, E Bruna,G E Bruno, M D Buckland, D Budnikov, H Buesching, S Bufalino, O Bugnon,P Buhler, P Buncic,Z Buthelezi,J B Butt,J T Buxton,S A Bysiak, D Caffarri, A Caliva,E Calvo Villar,R S Camacho, P Camerini,A A Capon,F Carnesecchi,R Caron,J Castillo Castellanos,A J Castro,E A R Casula,F Catalano,C Ceballos Sanchez,P Chakraborty,S Chandra,W Chang, S Chapeland,M Chartier,S Chattopadhyay,A Chauvin,C Cheshkov,B Cheynis,V Chibante Barroso, D D Chinellato,S Cho, P Chochula,T Chowdhury,P Christakoglou,C H Christensen,P Christiansen,T Chujo, C Cicalo, L Cifarelli, F Cindolo,J Cleymans,F Colamaria,D Colella, A Collu,M Colocci,M Concas,G Conesa Balbastre,Z Conesa Del Valle,G Contin,J G Contreras, T M Cormier,Y Corrales Morales,P Cortese,M R Cosentino,F Costa,S Costanza,P Crochet,E Cuautle,P Cui,L Cunqueiro, D Dabrowski, T Dahms, A Dainese, F P A Damas, M C Danisch, A Danu,D Das,I Das,P Das,S Das,A Dash,S Dash,S De,A De Caro, G de Cataldo,J de Cuveland,A De Falco,D De Gruttola,N De Marco,S De Pasquale,S Deb,B Debjani,H F Degenhardt, K R Deja, A Deloff,S Delsanto,D Devetak, P Dhankher,D Di Bari,A Di Mauro,R A Diaz,T Dietel,P Dillenseger,Y Ding, R Divià, D U Dixit, Ø Djuvsland,U Dmitrieva,A Dobrin, B Dönigus,O Dordic,A K Dubey, A Dubla,S Dudi, M Dukhishyam,P Dupieux, R J Ehlers,V N Eikeland,D Elia,H Engel, E Epple,B Erazmus,F Erhardt,A Erokhin, M R Ersdal,B Espagnon, S Esumi,G Eulisse,D Evans,S Evdokimov,L Fabbietti, M Faggin, J Faivre,F Fan,A Fantoni, M Fasel,P Fecchio,A Feliciello,G Feofilov,A Fernández Téllez,A Ferrero,A Ferretti,A Festanti,V J G Feuillard,J Figiel, S Filchagin, D Finogeev, F M Fionda, G Fiorenza,F Flor, S Foertsch, P Foka,S Fokin, E Fragiacomo, U Frankenfeld, U Fuchs, C Furget,A Furs,M Fusco Girard,J J Gaardhøje, M Gagliardi,A M Gago,A Gal,C D Galvan,P Ganoti, C Garabatos,E Garcia-Solis,K Garg,C Gargiulo, A Garibli, K Garner,P Gasik,E F Gauger,M B Gay Ducati,M Germain,J Ghosh,P Ghosh,S K Ghosh,P Gianotti,P Giubellino,P Giubilato, P Glässel,D M Goméz Coral,A Gomez Ramirez,V Gonzalez, P González-Zamora,S Gorbunov, L Görlich,S Gotovac,V Grabski,L K Graczykowski,K L Graham,L Greiner, A Grelli, C Grigoras, V Grigoriev,A Grigoryan,S Grigoryan, O S Groettvik,F Grosa,J F Grosse-Oetringhaus,R Grosso, R Guernane, M Guittiere,K Gulbrandsen,T Gunji,A Gupta,R Gupta,I B Guzman, R Haake, M K Habib, C Hadjidakis,H Hamagaki,G Hamar,M Hamid, R Hannigan,M R Haque, A Harlenderova,J W Harris,A Harton, J A Hasenbichler,H Hassan,D Hatzifotiadou, P Hauer,S Hayashi,S T Heckel, E Hellbär,H Helstrup, A Herghelegiu,T Herman,E G Hernandez,G Herrera Corral, F Herrmann,K F Hetland, T E Hilden,H Hillemanns,C Hills, B Hippolyte, B Hohlweger,D Horak,A Hornung,S Hornung,R Hosokawa,P Hristov,C Huang,C Hughes,P Huhn, T J Humanic, H Hushnud, L A Husova,N Hussain,S A Hussain,D Hutter, J P Iddon, R Ilkaev, M Inaba, G M Innocenti, M Ippolitov, A Isakov,M S Islam,M Ivanov,V Ivanov,V Izucheev,B Jacak, N Jacazio, P M Jacobs,S Jadlovska,J Jadlovsky,S Jaelani,C Jahnke,M J Jakubowska,M A Janik,T Janson,M Jercic, O Jevons,M Jin,F Jonas, P G Jones,J Jung,M Jung, A Jusko,P Kalinak, A Kalweit,V Kaplin,S Kar,A Karasu Uysal, O Karavichev, T Karavicheva,P Karczmarczyk, E Karpechev,A Kazantsev, U Kebschull,R Keidel,M Keil,B Ketzer, Z Khabanova,A M Khan,S Khan,S A Khan, A Khanzadeev,Y Kharlov,A Khatun,A Khuntia,B Kileng,B Kim,D Kim,D J Kim,E J Kim,H Kim,J Kim,J S Kim,J Kim,M Kim,S Kim,T Kim,S Kirsch,I Kisel, S Kiselev,A Kisiel,J L Klay,C Klein,J Klein,S Klein,C Klein-Bösing,M Kleiner,A Kluge, M L Knichel, A G Knospe,C Kobdaj, M K Köhler,T Kollegger,A Kondratyev, N Kondratyeva,E Kondratyuk,J Konig,P J Konopka, L Koska,O Kovalenko,V Kovalenko,M Kowalski, I Králik,A Kravčáková,L Kreis,M Krivda, F Krizek,K Krizkova Gajdosova,M Krüger,E Kryshen, M Krzewicki,A M Kubera,V Kučera,C Kuhn, P G Kuijer,L Kumar,S Kumar,S Kundu, P Kurashvili, A Kurepin, A B Kurepin, A Kuryakin, S Kushpil,J Kvapil, M J Kweon, J Y Kwon, Y Kwon,S L La Pointe,P La Rocca,Y S Lai, R Langoy,K Lapidus,A Lardeux, P Larionov, E Laudi,R Lavicka, T Lazareva,R Lea, L Leardini,J Lee,S Lee, F Lehas,S Lehner, J Lehrbach,R C Lemmon,I León Monzón, E D Lesser, M Lettrich,P Lévai,X Li,X L Li,J Lien,R Lietava,B Lim,V Lindenstruth, S W Lindsay,C Lippmann, M A Lisa,V Litichevskyi,A Liu,S Liu,W J Llope, I M Lofnes,V Loginov, C Loizides,P Loncar,X Lopez,E López Torres, J R Luhder,M Lunardon, G Luparello,Y Ma, A Maevskaya,M Mager,S M Mahmood,T Mahmoud,A Maire,R D Majka,M Malaev, Q W Malik,L Malinina, D Mal'Kevich, P Malzacher,G Mandaglio,V Manko, F Manso,V Manzari,Y Mao,M Marchisone,J Mareš,G V Margagliotti, A Margotti,J Margutti,A Marín,C Markert, M Marquard,N A Martin,P Martinengo,J L Martinez,M I Martínez,G Martínez García,M Martinez Pedreira, S Masciocchi,M Masera,A Masoni, L Massacrier,E Masson, A Mastroserio,A M Mathis,O Matonoha,P F T Matuoka, A Matyja,C Mayer,M Mazzilli,M A Mazzoni, A F Mechler,F Meddi,Y Melikyan,A Menchaca-Rocha, C Mengke, E Meninno, M Meres,S Mhlanga,Y Miake, L Micheletti, D L Mihaylov,K Mikhaylov, A Mischke,A N Mishra,D Miśkowiec, A Modak,N Mohammadi,A P Mohanty,B Mohanty,M Mohisin Khan, C Mordasini,D A Moreira De Godoy, L A P Moreno,I Morozov,A Morsch, T Mrnjavac, V Muccifora,E Mudnic,D Mühlheim,S Muhuri,J D Mulligan,M G Munhoz, R H Munzer,H Murakami,S Murray, L Musa, J Musinsky,C J Myers, J W Myrcha,B Naik,R Nair,B K Nandi, R Nania, E Nappi,M U Naru, A F Nassirpour,C Nattrass,R Nayak, T K Nayak,S Nazarenko,A Neagu,R A Negrao De Oliveira,L Nellen,S V Nesbo, G Neskovic, D Nesterov, L T Neumann,B S Nielsen, S Nikolaev,S Nikulin,V Nikulin, F Noferini, P Nomokonov,J Norman,N Novitzky,P Nowakowski, A Nyanin, J Nystrand,M Ogino, A Ohlson,J Oleniacz,A C Oliveira Da Silva,M H Oliver,C Oppedisano,R Orava,A Ortiz Velasquez,A Oskarsson, J Otwinowski,K Oyama,Y Pachmayer,V Pacik,D Pagano,G Paić,J Pan,A K Pandey,S Panebianco,P Pareek,J Park,J E Parkkila,S Parmar,S P Pathak,R N Patra,B Paul,H Pei,T Peitzmann,X Peng,L G Pereira,H Pereira Da Costa, D Peresunko,G M Perez,E Perez Lezama,V Peskov,Y Pestov, V Petráček,M Petrovici, R P Pezzi,S Piano,M Pikna, P Pillot,O Pinazza,L Pinsky,C Pinto,S Pisano,D Pistone,M Płoskoń,M Planinic,F Pliquett, J Pluta,S Pochybova, M G Poghosyan, B Polichtchouk,N Poljak,A Pop,H Poppenborg,S Porteboeuf-Houssais,V Pozdniakov,S K Prasad,R Preghenella, F Prino,C A Pruneau,I Pshenichnov,M Puccio, J Putschke, R E Quishpe, S Ragoni,S Raha,S Rajput,J Rak, A Rakotozafindrabe,L Ramello,F Rami, R Raniwala, S Raniwala,S S Räsänen,R Rath,V Ratza,I Ravasenga,K F Read,K Redlich,A Rehman, P Reichelt,F Reidt,X Ren, R Renfordt, Z Rescakova,J-P Revol, K Reygers,V Riabov, T Richert,M Richter,P Riedler,W Riegler, F Riggi,C Ristea,S P Rode,M Rodríguez Cahuantzi,K Røed, R Rogalev,E Rogochaya,D Rohr,D Röhrich,P S Rokita,F Ronchetti, E D Rosas, K Roslon,A Rossi,A Rotondi,A Roy, P Roy,O V Rueda,R Rui,B Rumyantsev,A Rustamov,E Ryabinkin,Y Ryabov, A Rybicki, H Rytkonen, O A M Saarimaki,S Sadhu,S Sadovsky,K Šafařík,S K Saha,B Sahoo,P Sahoo, R Sahoo,S Sahoo,P K Sahu,J Saini,S Sakai,S Sambyal,V Samsonov,D Sarkar,N Sarkar,P Sarma,V M Sarti,M H P Sas,E Scapparone,B Schaefer, J Schambach, H S Scheid, C Schiaua,R Schicker,A Schmah,C Schmidt, H R Schmidt,M O Schmidt,M Schmidt, N V Schmidt, A R Schmier,J Schukraft,Y Schutz,K Schwarz, K Schweda, G Scioli,E Scomparin,M Šefčík, J E Seger,Y Sekiguchi,D Sekihata,I Selyuzhenkov,S Senyukov,D Serebryakov, E Serradilla,A Sevcenco, A Shabanov, A Shabetai,R Shahoyan,W Shaikh, A Shangaraev,A Sharma,H Sharma,M Sharma,N Sharma,A I Sheikh,K Shigaki,M Shimomura,S Shirinkin,Q Shou,Y Sibiriak,S Siddhanta, T Siemiarczuk,D Silvermyr,G Simatovic,G Simonetti,R Singh, V K Singh,V Singhal,T Sinha,B Sitar,M Sitta, T B Skaali, M Slupecki, N Smirnov,R J M Snellings,T W Snellman, C Soncco,J Song, A Songmoolnak,F Soramel,S Sorensen,I Sputowska,J Stachel,I Stan,P Stankus, P J Steffanic, E Stenlund, D Stocco, M M Storetvedt,L D Stritto,A A P Suaide,T Sugitate, C Suire,M Suleymanov,M Suljic,R Sultanov, M Šumbera,S Sumowidagdo,S Swain,A Szabo,I Szarka,U Tabassam, G Taillepied,J Takahashi,G J Tambave,S Tang,M Tarhini, M G Tarzila,A Tauro,G Tejeda Muñoz, A Telesca, C Terrevoli,D Thakur,S Thakur,D Thomas, F Thoresen,R Tieulent,A Tikhonov,A R Timmins, A Toia, N Topilskaya,M Toppi, F Torales-Acosta,S R Torres, A Trifiro,S Tripathy,T Tripathy,S Trogolo, G Trombetta, L Tropp,V Trubnikov,W H Trzaska,T P Trzcinski,B A Trzeciak,T Tsuji, A Tumkin,R Turrisi, T S Tveter, K Ullaland, E N Umaka,A Uras,G L Usai,A Utrobicic,M Vala,N Valle,S Vallero,N van der Kolk,L V R van Doremalen,M van Leeuwen,P Vande Vyvre,D Varga, Z Varga, M Varga-Kofarago,A Vargas, M Vasileiou,A Vasiliev,O Vázquez Doce,V Vechernin,A M Veen,E Vercellin,S Vergara Limón, L Vermunt,R Vernet,R Vértesi,L Vickovic,Z Vilakazi,O Villalobos Baillie,A Villatoro Tello, G Vino, A Vinogradov,T Virgili,V Vislavicius, A Vodopyanov,B Volkel, M A Völkl,K Voloshin,S A Voloshin,G Volpe,B von Haller,I Vorobyev, D Voscek, J Vrláková,B Wagner,M Weber,S G Weber,A Wegrzynek,D F Weiser,S C Wenzel, J P Wessels, J Wiechula, J Wikne,G Wilk,J Wilkinson,G A Willems, E Willsher, B Windelband, M Winn,W E Witt,Y Wu,R Xu,S Yalcin,K Yamakawa,S Yang,S Yano,Z Yin,H Yokoyama,I-K Yoo,J H Yoon,S Yuan, A Yuncu,V Yurchenko,V Zaccolo,A Zaman, C Zampolli,H J C Zanoli,N Zardoshti,A Zarochentsev,P Závada, N Zaviyalov, H Zbroszczyk, M Zhalov,S Zhang,X Zhang,Z Zhang,V Zherebchevskii,D Zhou,Y Zhou,Z Zhou,J Zhu,Y Zhu,A Zichichi, M B Zimmermann,G Zinovjev, N Zurlo
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS（2020）
引用 81|浏览134
摘要
The first measurement at the LHC of charge-dependent directed flow (v(1)) relative to the spectator plane is presented for Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN) = 5.02 TeV. Results are reported for charged hadrons and D-0 mesons for the transverse momentum intervals p(T) > 0.2 GeV/c and 3 < p(T) < 6 GeV/c in the 5%-40% and 10%-40% centrality classes, respectively. The difference between the positively and negatively charged hadron v(1) has a positive slope as a function of pseudorapidity eta, d Delta v(1)/d eta = [1.68 +/- 0.49(stat) +/- 0.41(syst)] x 10(-4). The same measurement for D-0 and (D) over bar (0) mesons yields a positive value d Delta v(1)/d eta = [4.9 +/- 1.7(stat)] +/- 0.6(syst)] x 10(-1), which is about 3 orders of magnitude larger than the one of the charged hadrons. These measurements can provide new insights into the effects of the strong electromagnetic field and the initial tilt of matter created in noncentral heavy ion collisions on the dynamics of light (u, d, and s) and heavy (c) quarks. The large difference between the observed Delta v(1) of charged hadrons and D-0 mesons may reflect different sensitivity of the charm and light quarks to the early time dynamics of a heavy ion collision. These observations challenge some recent theoretical calculations, which predicted a negative and an order of magnitude smaller value of d Delta v(1)/d eta for both light flavor and charmed hadrons.
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关键词
strong electromagnetic fields,lhc,charge-dependent
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