Compression stockings attenuate the expression of proteins associated with vascular damage in human varicose veins

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze whether compression stocking therapy in the human varicose vein wall may change the levels of biomarkers associated with vein insufficiency.Methods: Dilated collateral varicose vein samples were obtained from patients showing chronic venous disease (class 2 of the Clinical, Etiology, Anatomy, and Pathophysiology classification). Before elective surgery, 12 patients underwent compression stocking therapy (for 1 month) and 9 patients did not (control group). Expression levels of biomarkers associated with endothelial functionality (nitric oxide synthase 3), inflammation (interleukin-6, interleukin-10), oxidative stress (Gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase), and coagulation (factor Xa) were determined. P-selectin, an inflammatory and thrombosis-related biomarker, was also measured.Results: Compression stockings increased the content of nitric oxide synthase 3 (control, 16.48 [16.04-17.40] AU; compression, 83.71 [67.70-91.85] AU; P <.001) in the varicose vein wall that was accompanied by reduction of both interleukin-6 levels (control, 38.72 [33.48-48.52] pg/mu g protein; compression, 14.49 [11.05-17.41] pg/mu g protein; P =.001) and the expression of Gp91(phox) subunit of NADPH oxidase (control, 63.24 [53.79-77.03] AU; compression, 36.85 [35.66-52.27] AU; P <.010). P-selectin (control, 77.37 [61.86-85.00] AU; compression, 54.31 [49.60-67.50] AU; P =.017) and factor Xa (control, 90.78 [75.02-100.00] AU; compression, 14.50 [13.77-36.20] AU; P <.001) were also reduced in the varicose vein wall of compression stocking-treated patients. However, P-selectin lost its statistical significance after adjustment by dyslipidemia.Conclusions: In the varicose vein wall, compression stocking therapy improved the content levels of biomarkers associated with endothelial functionality, inflammation, oxidative stress, and coagulation.