Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (sTREM-1) in neonatal sepsis

Background Efficient and accurate diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is challenging. The potential impact for a reduction in morbidity and mortality as well as antibiotic usage has stimulated the ongoing search for biomarkers of early sepsis. The objective of this pilot study was to quantify the levels of sTREM-1 and correlate with blood cultures and inflammatory markers in neonates evaluated for sepsis. Methods Neonates with suspected sepsis were enrolled (n = 83; Pretermn = 35; Termn = 48). Routine bloods for sepsis evaluation were included and plasma sTREM-1 levels were quantified by ELISA. Results Term and preterm neonates (n = 83; Pretermn = 35; Termn = 48) were enrolled and 16 neonates had positive blood cultures (pretermn = 15; termn = 1). sTREM-1 levels were not significantly different in infants with culture-positive or culture-negative sepsis (356 +/- 218 pg/mL and 385 +/- 254 pg/mL respectively). The immature-to-total granulocyte (I/T) ratio showed a significant positive correlation with sTREM-1 in the preterm group with positive blood cultures. Additionally, sTREM-1 showed a positive correlation with CRP in the preterm group with negative blood cultures. Conclusions sTREM-1 was associated with traditional markers of inflammation (I/T ratio and CRP). However, in this cohort sTREM-1 did not improve the early detection of neonatal culture-positive sepsis.