YAP enhances FGF2-dependent neural stem cell proliferation by induction of fibroblast growth factor receptor expression.

The Hippo signaling pathway regulates cell proliferation and organ growth, and its activation is mainly reflected by the phosphorylation levels of Yes-associated protein (YAP). In this study, we show that YAP facilitates embryonic neural stem cell proliferation by elevating their responsiveness to fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2), one of the major growth factors for neural stem cells, in vivo as well as in vitro. Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR analyses revealed that expression of the FGF receptors (FGFRs)FGFR1toFGFR4were greatly increased by YAP expression upon FGF2 treatment, followed by upregulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase and protein kinase B signaling pathways. Furthermore, as assessed by quantitative real-time PCR analyses, YAP-inducedFGFRexpression was found to be TEA domain transcription factor (TEAD)-independent, and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif, the other homolog of Yorki in theDrosophilaHippo signaling pathway, was found to possess similar activity to YAP. Finally, adjustment of FGFR signaling activity in the YAP-expressing cells to control levels efficiently offset the cell proliferative effects of YAP, suggesting that the increased proliferation of YAP-expressing neural stem cells was mainly attributable to enhanced FGFR signaling. Our data indicate that YAP plays an important role in neural stem cell regulation by elevating FGFR expression, subsequently leading to enhanced cell proliferation.