Transactivation of the EGFR by cag + Helicobacter pylori induces upregulation of the early growth response gene Egr-1 in gastric epithelial cells

Abbreviations: Egr-1, early growth response gene-1; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; ERK, extracellular-regulated kinases; MAP kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases; PAI, pathogenicity island; cag, cytotoxin associated genes; PMA, Phorbol-12myristate-13-acetate; MOI, Multiplicity of infection; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde-3phosphate dehydrogenase; PCR, polymerase chain reaction; PBS, phosphate buffered saline; EMSA, electrophorectic mobility shift assay; JNK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase.