Upper middle-income Lower middle-income Low-income MPI Poor Severely MPI Poor

• Poverty reduction over time varies by dimension. Bangladesh reduced poverty across all dimensions; Kenya reduced its MPI mainly through improvements in living standards; and Bolivia made great strides in improving school attendance and sanitation but less progress in decreasing undernutrition. • In 2011, the MPI has been calculated for 5 new countries and updated for 20 countries • The MPI has been calculated for sub-national regions across 66 countries • Changes of MPI over time have been analysed for 10 countries and their regions • The MPI is robust to a range of plausible weights and poverty cutoffs to income poverty because it measures deprivations directly.