Laboratry profile in management of Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder of carbohydrate metabolism in which glucose is under utilized producing hyperglycaemia. Prolonged period of hyperglycaemia leads to various acute and chronic complications. Long term glycaemic control is assessed by measuring glycosylated haemoglobin. Aims And Objective: To evaluate the values of laboratory tests like fasting blood sugar, postprandial blood sugar and glycosylated haemoglobin in diabetic subjects and correlate them in complicated cases of diabetes mellitus. Material And Methods: A study of Glycosylated haemoglobin and blood sugar was conducted in a total number of 100 subjects participated in the present study in which 15 control subjects who were non-diabetic at the time of study and 85 diabetic patients who were on treatment were studied. Observation: There were 100 subjects with mean age of 49±9. The mean of FBS, PP2BS and Glycosylated haemoglobin of diabetes subjects were 160±52, 230±72 and 9.4±2.1 respectively which is higher than mean value of FBS, PP2BS and Glycosylated haemoglobin of non diabetics which were 90±10, 119±11 and 6.26±0.38 respectively. The increase is highly significant for fasting blood glucose, glycosylated haemoglobin, post prandial blood glucose (p < 0.001). diabetic patients with long term complications were peripheral neuropathy (20%), retinopathy (15%), cardiovascular complications(14%), nephropathy(11%) and peripheral vascular disease(10%) with mean HbA1c was 11±2.1. FBS, PP2BS and HbA1c hav positive correlations with p value <0.001. Conclusion: Study conclude that diabetic subjects had higher value of FBS, PP2BS and HbA1c than non diabetic subjects. Long term diabetic complications were more related to glycosylated haemoglobin. Correlation coefficient of postprandial blood sugar with HbA1c is more than correlation of fasting blood sugar with HbA1c.