Diversity of sequence types , plasmids and extended-spectrum β-lactamase 1 genes among Escherichia coli from humans , animals and food in Germany , 2 Netherlands and United Kingdom 3 4

1 genes among Escherichia coli from humans, animals and food in Germany, 2 Netherlands and United Kingdom 3 4 Michaela J. Day, Irene Rodríguez, Alieda van Essen-Zandbergen, Cindy Dierikx, 5 Kristina Kadlec, Anne-Kathrin Schink, Guanghui Wu, Marie A. Chattaway, Vivienne 6 DoNascimento, John Wain, Reiner Helmuth, Beatriz Guerra, Stefan Schwarz, John 7 Threlfall, Martin J. Woodward, Nick Coldham, Dik Mevius and Neil Woodford 8 9 10 11 1 Public Health England, London, United Kingdom, 2 Federal Institute for Risk Assessment (BfR), 12 Berlin, Germany, 3 University Hospital Ramón y Cajal, and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación 13 Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain, 4 Central Veterinary Institute (CVI) of Wageningen UR, Lelystad, 14 The Netherlands, 5 Institute of Farm Animal Genetics, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Neustadt15 Mariensee, Germany, 6 Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA, Weybridge), Addlestone, United 16 Kingdom, 7 University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom, 8 The University of Reading, 17 Whiteknights, Reading, United Kingdom, 9 Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. 18 19 20 Running title: E. coli diversity in animals, humans and food in Western Europe 21 22