Electron-Beam-Induced Antiphase Boundary Reconstructions in ZrO 2 −

Electron irradiation effects in transmission electron microscopes (TEM) are usually thought to introduce undesirable disorder, and thus deteriorate the material. However, with controlled dose and beam energy, electron itradiation may have beneficial effects on nanostructured materials [1, 2]. Irradiation effects in TEM have attracted more and more interest due to the possibility of simultaneous structural and chemical modifications and characterizations down to the atomic-scale.