1 A Conceptual Framework for Product Service System 2 ( PSS ) 3

To remain competitive in the current market, an enterprise must differentiate itself based 23 on higher value propositions. For this purpose, since improving the product or service performance 24 can reach some limits, one potential solution is to move towards new combinations of products and 25 services. This evolution, called servitization, leads to the generation of Product-Service Systems 26 (PSS). Servitization requires not only a clear understanding of enterprise core business but also a 27 clear vision on the prevailing trends and challenges of PSS development from both business and 28 technological points of view. In addition, the evolution path should be aligned with the enterprise 29 strategy. This paper first highlights the notion of symbiotic PSS where Product Systems and Service 30 Systems, and their stakeholders, interoperate seamlessly based on a win-win approach. Then it 31 proposes a PSS Conceptual Framework (PSS-CF) which can be applied in the early stages of 32 servitization to increase the understating of PSS dimensions and to facilitate the prioritization of the 33 servitization investments. The framework dimensions were discussed in several iterations, from 34 both academic and industrial points of view, in the frame of a European research project. Moreover, 35 the applicability of the framework was studied in four different industrial Use-Cases. 36