Description of a novel chest wall anomaly: The postprematurity thoracic dysplasia

•Postprematurity thoracic dysplasia is a novel anomaly, typical of ex-preterms.•Chest wall is typically deformed on both anterolateral aspects, owing to rib anomaly.•Ribs more frequently affected were from 6th to 8th rib.•Respiratory symptoms owing to lung volume reduction can be severe.•Surgery is proposed in severe cases; vacuum bell can be a conservative alternative.