A randomized controlled trial comparing the effectiveness of individual versus household treatment for Scabies in Lambaréné, Gabon.

Background It is unclear whether individual treatment of scabies is similarly effective compared to household treatment. This study compared these two treatment strategies with topical benzyl benzoate for treating scabies in Lambarene, Gabon. Methods Participants presenting with uncomplicated scabies were randomized into either the Individual Treatment group, where only the affected participants received treatment, or the Household Treatment group, where all family members were treated in parallel to the affected participants regardless of signs and symptoms. The primary endpoint was clinical cure after 28 days; the secondary endpoint was the proportion of affected household members per household after 28 days. Results After 28 days, from a total of 79 participants assessed, 67% (n = 53) were clinically cured; 59% (20/34) in the Individual Treatment group and 73% (33/45) in the Household Treatment group. Participants in the Household Treatment group had about twice the odds of being cured (odds ratio 1.9, 95% confidence interval: 0.8-4.9; p = 0.17). For the secondary outcome, an effect of similar size was observed. Conclusions Our findings show that treating close contacts of persons affected by scabies may be beneficial to patients and contacts, however, the benefit was less pronounced than anticipated and further research is needed to definitively answer this question. Author summary Scabies is a skin disease caused by parasitic mites that burrow into the skin and cause itchiness and rash. Since these mites can be easily transmitted from person to person the disease is highly contagious. Many guidelines on the treatment of scabies recommend that all family members and close contacts of persons suffering from scabies should be treated alongside the affected person, in order to prevent the disease from spreading. However, there is only little evidence to be found in the medical literature on how well this practice works. We conducted a study in Lambarene, Gabon and surrounding villages, where many cases of scabies occurred at the time, to answer this question. We found that, on average, those patients whose entire family was treated were more likely to be cured after 4 weeks, and that fewer of their family members were affected. However, the difference to patients whose families weren't treated was smaller than expected, suggesting that larger studies are needed to definitively answer the question.