Cross-sectional analysis of consumer-facing mHealth apps associated with inhaler monitoring for asthma

Objective: This study aimed to describe the current landscape of consumer-directed mHealth apps that communicate with inhalers for asthma.Methods: We performed a cross-sectional and systematic analysis of Google Play and the Apple App Stores to identify apps that are consumer-direct and available in English, intended for patients with asthma and communicate with an inhaler-based sensor. We collected information about each app using the app stores and publicly available manufacturer websites. We reported the results descriptively.Results: We identified 6 apps, released as early as 2012. Of these, 5 apps require an external sensor available over the counter to be attached to the patient's inhaler, and 1 app communicates with a prescription-only inhaler that has a built-in sensor and will be dispensed from the pharmacy. Aside from passively monitoring inhaler adherence, all apps facilitate provider communication; serve as a diary; and use notifications, reminders, or alarms for things such as inhaler dose reminders. Additional features vary across apps, including direct pharmacy access for refill requests and telehealth and artificial intelligence to predict future asthma exacerbations.Conclusion: We identified 6 consumer-directed mHealth apps that communicate with inhalers for asthma management. Pharmacists must be prepared to evaluate these apps, particularly in comparison with the first prescription-only inhaler built to communicate with an mHealth app to be released this year. To do so, further research on the outcomes and use of these apps is needed so that pharmacists can make evidence-based recommendations. (C) 2020 American Pharmacists Association (R). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.