The rise of eBPF for non-intrusive performance monitoring.

In this paper, we explain that container engines are strengthening their isolation mechanisms. Therefore, non-intrusive monitoring becomes a must-have for the performance analysis of containerized user-space application in production environments. After a literature review and background of Linux subsystems and container isolation concepts, we present our lessons learned of using the extended Berkeley packet filter to monitor and profile performance. We carry out the profiling and tracing of several Interledger connectors using two full-fledged implementations of the Interledger protocol specifications.