Gender-specific cardiovascular outcomes in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention in Chinese populations

Background Data was limited on the rates of in-hospital and 30-days composite outcomes between male and female patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods This was a retrospective study and CHD patients undergoing PCI between January and December of 2018 were screened and recruited. Baseline characteristics, in-hospital and 30-days composite outcomes were compared by gender. The factors influencing gender-outcome associations were evaluated. Results A total of 672 CHD patients undergoing PCI were included into current analysis. Compared to males, females were older (53.8 ± 12.7 years vs 50.6 ± 11.8 years), more likely to be obese (32.9% vs 29.4%) and had higher prevalence of hypertension (46.7% vs 41%). Females were less likely to be smoker (30.3% vs 1.1%), have prior history of CHD (4.4% vs 10.9%), and lower socioeconomic status [SES; full-time employment (64.4% vs 71.9%), education attainment ≥ college (29.6% vs 36.8%) and annual income ≥60,000 RMB (23.7% vs 27.1%)]. Hospitalized stay was longer in females (median 5.2 vs 4.0 days), and females were more likely to experience in-hospital bleeding (3.0% vs 1.2%) and 30-days non-fatal myocardial infarction (5.9% vs 2.9%). In unadjusted model, compared to males, females had a crude odds ratio (OR) of 2.05 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.68–2.59) for in-hospital composite outcomes and 2.16 (95% CI 1.74–2.63) for 30-days post-PCI composite outcomes. After adjustment for potential covariates, female gender remains independently associated with in-hospital and 30-days post-PCI composite outcomes. OR change was the greatest with adjustment for SES when compared to other covariates. Conclusion Compared to male patients, female patients had a higher risk of in-hospital and 30-days composite outcomes post-PCI treatment, which were mainly attributed to the differences in SES.