Gastrostomy tube placement in neonates undergoing tracheostomy: an opportunity to coordinate care?

Objectives To describe variations in timing of gastrostomy tube (GT) placement for neonates undergoing tracheostomy. Methods Database study of neonates undergoing tracheostomy and GT placement using the Pediatric Health Information System (2012–2015). The primary outcome was timing of GT relative to tracheostomy. Logistic regression evaluated associations of patient- and hospital-level characteristics with GT timing. Results Of 1156 patients undergoing GT and tracheostomy placement, 42.4% had concurrent GT placement, 23.3% GT placement prior to tracheostomy, and 34.3% GT placement after tracheostomy. The proportion of patients undergoing concurrent placement ranged from 0 to 80% among 47 hospitals. Neonates born at 31–35 weeks, having cardiovascular comorbidities, history of diaphragmatic hernia repair, or gastroesophageal reflux disorder were more likely to receive GT placement prior to tracheostomy. Conclusion Significant variability exists in the timing of neonatal tracheostomy and GT placement. Opportunities may exist to optimize coordination of care for neonates and reduce anesthetic exposure and hospital resource utilization.