Blood and urine biomarkers associated with long-term respiratory dysfunction following neonatal hyperoxia exposure: implications for prematurity and risk of SIDS.

•Neonatal hyperoxia transiently increases blood (and urine) biomarkers.•Altered biomarker levels are associated with a long-term HVR attenuation.•Hyperoxic-induced HVR impairment is associated with altered brainstem gene expression.•Serum biomarkers may be precursors of disorder breathing in former premature infants.•O2-induced biomarkers may identify preterm infants at increased risk of SIDS.