Peer victimisation and depression among gender conforming and non-conforming Thai adolescents.

Like most low- and middle-income countries, Thailand is facing an increasing burden of depressive disorders among adolescents, but research and services for them are largely neglected. This study explored the association between types of peer victimisation, gender non-conformity, health risk behaviours, and depressive symptoms among Thai students aged 13-18 years. Overall, prevalence of depressive symptoms was 14.7% (95% CI: 12.6-15.6), 12.2% (95% CI: 9.5-13.9) among male students and 16.5% (95% CI: 13.8-18.0) among female students. Among both sexes, social and sexual victimisation in the past month were strongly associated with depressive symptoms in the past week. Gender non-conforming female adolescents, as well as male and female adolescents who had experienced sexual and social victimisation, had a high burden of depressive symptoms. Mental health professionals and educators working with young people in Thailand should consider assessment for clinically significant depressive disorders.