Molecular Study of Filamentous Fungi in Raw Milk Collected from Industrial Dairy Farms in Alborz and Tehran Provinces of IRAN in 2017

Background and objective : Milk as a complete food source comes from a variety of sources, including cattle, goats, sheep and buffalo, for human consumption. Knowledge of fungal diversity in the environment is poor compared with bacterial biodiversity. The main objective of this study is to identify the raw milk in healthy conditions.   Methods: In this study, milk samples collected from 14 industrial dairy farms in Alborz and Tehran Provinces were examined. 262 milk tank samples were cultured and then DNA of filamentous fungi were extracted and amplified rDNA16s -ITS-1.ITS-4 region was identified using sequencing test. Results: This review was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018. 11.8% cases were identified with filamentous fungi including the following genera and species. Results demonstrated that the key point is that mycotoxin M1 is reduced in the pasteurization process, and its risk is also reduced but not removed; thus, new techniques and better technology are needed to overcome this problem. Conclusion: The microbial milk contamination source comes from herd hygiene and health status, mastitis prevalence, production environment, and milking parlor and milk conserving practices in dairy farm. Moreover, these facts are implicated in milk quality and milk spoilage and unsafe dairy products. The milk production system and the dairy plant operations keep track in pasteurized milk and fresh dairy products reviewing the traceability in field situational diagnosis report.