Nanoelectrokinetic Selective Preconcentration Based on Ion Concentration Polarization

Nanoscale electrokinetic phenomenon called ion concentration polarization (ICP) has opened a new era in bio- and chemical-analysis platform due to its high efficiency and easy sample handling. In this review, the most recent advancements of selective preconcentration process using ICP were introduced. The flux balances of charged analytes were theoretically analyzed so that the behavior and the shape of preconcentrated plug were categorized into stacking/propagating and dumbbell/plug, respectively. The experimental demonstrations of these features were also given to verify the modeling. Furthermore, promising applications based on the analysis were described in this review. Lastly, future research direction would be suggested by elucidating pros and cons of ICP process.