Second and third harmonic nonlinear optical process in spray pyrolysed Mg:ZnO thin films

In the present study, Mg-doped ZnO (MZO) nanofilms (NF) were grown by spray pyrolysis technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns have shown an intense peak oriented along (002) crystalline plane confirming crystalline origin of grown MZO films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) data revealed that the average roughness decreased significantly upon Mg doping from 20.3 nm to 4.72 nm. Ambient temperature photoluminescence spectra accounted for four emission bands in the visible spectral region due to the presence of various intrinsic defect centres in the films. The non-linear absorption coefficient (βeff) were estimated by open aperture Z-scan technique and found to be in the order of 10−2 (cm/W) and indicates a positive absorption nonlinearity. Additionally, it was observed that incorporation of the metal Mg ions leads to a decay of the second harmonic generation (SHG) and to a non-regular increase of the third harmonic generation (THG).