Persistent gamma delta T-cell dysfunction in HCV/HIV co-infection despite direct-acting antiviral therapy induced cure.

Direct Antiviral Agents (DAA) are effective both in HCV and in HIV/HCV co-infected patients, but several issues concerning hepatic disease progression and/or immunocompetence/immunosurveillance restoration after DAA represent still open issues. According to data presented by Gosh et al.in HCV patients (J Viral Hepat. 2019;26:1105-1116), we showed that DAA fail to restore Vδ2 T-cell immunity in HIV+HCV+ coinfection, possibly because of Tim-3 induction. Further studies are required to evaluate Vδ2 T-cell defects in HIV+HCV+ patients later after DAA.