Plastome data provide insights into intra and interspecific diversity and ndh gene loss in Capparis (Capparaceae)

The genus Capparis is well known for its medicinal properties and many species of the genus are widely used in crude drug preparation. The present study is an effort to understand the inter and intraspecific plastome variations within genus Capparis using two newly sequenced plastomes. Plastome representatives from four taxa of Capparis were compared to understand the gene composition and arrangements within the genus. The LSC and SSC regions exhibited high nucleotide variation in Capparis species. The loss of two ndh genes from C. spinosa var. herbacea is reported for the first time. Moreover, we also report pseudogenization of seven genes from the genome of Capparis spinosa var. herbacea. In addition, rpl32-ccsA, atpF-atpH, petA-psbJ, trnL-trnF, trnH-psbA spacer region and one gene ycf1 were identified as potential barcodes for the genus Capparis based on inter and intraspecific variations.