An in-depth analysis of the evolution of the policy mix for the sustainable energy transition in China from 1981 to 2020

•Mapped evolution of China’s policy mix for sustainable energy transition 1981–2020.•Over time China forms complex policy mix by layering and packaging instruments.•China has increased the diversity and number of policy instruments used.•Rise in charges on emissions and decrease in subsidies for renewables is observed.•Policy experimentation dominates policy instruments used to reduce carbon emissions.