Impact of Water Ingress on Molybdenum Thin Films and Its Effect on Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 Solar Cells

Solar cell degradation can occur through many pathways and at the different stages of the fabrication process, notably because of the water condensation. In the case of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) solar cells, the impact of water ingress on Mo back contact can be substantial for not only the film itself but also the device performance and reliability. Microstructural modification, change in film morpholog...