New insights of CYP1A in endogenous metabolism: a focus on single nucleotide polymorphisms and diseases

Cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A), one of the major CYP subfamily in humans, not only metabolizes xenobiotics including clinical drugs and pollutants in the environment, but also mediates the biotransformation of important endogenous substances. In particular, some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for CYP1A genes may affect the metabolic ability of endogenous substances, leading to some physiological or pathological changes in humans. This review first summarizes the metabolism of endogenous substances by CYP1A, and then introduces the research progress of CYP1A SNPs, especially the research related to human diseases. Finally, the relationship between SNPs and diseases is discussed. In addition, potential animal models for CYP1A gene editing are summarized. In conclusion, CYP1A plays an important role in maintaining the health in the body.