Training with cognitive load improves performance under similar conditions in a real surgical task

•Tested whether training in a laparoscopic task under cognitive load can improve the performance on an actual surgical task under similar conditions.•Both VR and VR + CL groups improved their task performance with training with a significant difference in the learning curve between them.•Pre, post and retention tests showed both VR and VR + CL groups performed better than the control group who had no training.•When tested on a transfer task, VR + CL group outperformed on the bimanual dexterity measure when compared to VR and Control groups under CL.•There is a benefit in training under CL condition as shown by the performance on a surgical relevant transfer task.