RETRACTION: Demethylation of the Cosmc Promoter Alleviates the Progression of Breast Cancer Through Downregulation of the Tn and Sialyl-Tn Antigens (Retraction of Vol 12, Pg 1017, 2020)

Background: Aberrant gene methylation in breast cancer is associated with an unfavorable prognosis. Besides, abnormal Cosmc can induce the expression of Tn and STn antigens. The present study aimed to investigate the roles of Cosmc promoter methylation in breast cancer through the regulation of Tn and STn antigens. Methods: The expression patterns of Cosmc and the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer cell lines were determined. Cosmc was overexpressed to explore the effects of Cosmc on cell behavior, including the growth, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of breast cancer cells and tumor growth with in vitro and in vivo experiments. Afterwards, a methyltransferase and a methyltransferase inhibitor were used to alter the methylation status of Cosmc to explore the mechanisms related to Cosmc promoter methylation. Results: Cosmc was poorly expressed in breast cancer cells. Cosmc overexpression inhibited cell growth, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis in breast cancer cells in vitro and restraining tumor growth in vivo. Cosmc promoter methylation was found to decrease the levels of Cosmc and increased the expression of the Tn and STn antigens in breast cancer. Conclusion: In conclusion, the demethylation of Cosmc mitigates breast cancer progression through the repression of the Tn and STn antigens, which provides evidence for therapeutic considerations for a novel target against breast cancer.