A comprehensive scoping review of Bayesian networks in healthcare: Past, present and future

•Review the domain of Bayesian networks (BN) in healthcare.•Evaluate: (1) targeted decision support; (2) modelling approach; (3) usefulness in practice.•Provide an analytical framework for comprehensively characterise the domain and its current state.•Highlight neglected issues, like restricted BN aims, ad hoc BN development methods, and lack of BN adoption in practice.•Map the way forward by proposing future research directions.