Using a single abdominal computed tomography image to differentiate five contrast-enhancement phases: A machine-learning algorithm for radiomics-based precision medicine.

•A single abdominal CT image can differentiate five contrast-enhancement phases.•Performance was validated over a decade in multiple institutions across vendors.•The tool was used for radiomics-based precision medicine in liver neoplasms.•The portal venous phase was optimal in half of patients with liver neoplasm.•Contrast-enhancement was suboptimal in cirrhotic patients.