Inhibiting DosRST as a new approach to tuberculosis therapy.

Progress against tuberculosis (TB) requires faster-acting drugs. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease and its treatment is challenging and lengthy. Mtb is remarkably successful, in part, due to its ability to become dormant in response to host immune pressures. The DosRST two-component regulatory system is induced by hypoxia, nitric oxide and carbon monoxide and remodels Mtb physiology to promote nonreplicating persistence (NRP). NRP bacteria are thought to play a role in the long course of TB treatment. Therefore, inhibitors of DosRST-dependent adaptation may function to kill this reservoir of persisters and potentially shorten therapy. This review examines the function of DosRST, newly discovered compounds that inhibit DosRST signaling and considers future development of DosRST inhibitors as adjunct therapies.