Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in animal models of lupus nephritis: a meta-analysis

Background Lupus nephritis is usually manifested by proteinuria, active urinary sediment, hypertension, and renal failure and is a serious complication with more than 50% occurrence in systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) present remarkable immunomodulatory ability, and these cells are potential therapeutic agents for autoimmune disorders. In clinical trials, the effectiveness of MSC in the treatment of lupus nephritis is still controversial. A meta-analysis was performed to assess whether MSC can achieve good efficacy in the treatment of lupus nephritis in mice. Methods A comprehensive literature search was performed in Cochrane Library, ISI Web of Science, PubMed, and EMBASE from inception to Oct 1, 2019. Two authors independently extracted the data, which were pooled and calculated using RevMan 5.3. Results A total of 28 studies met the inclusion criteria. MSC treatment resulted in lower levels of ds-DNA (OR = − 29.58, 95% CI − 29.58, − 17.99; P < 0.00001), ANA (OR = − 70.93, 95% CI − 104.55, − 37.32; P < 0.0001), Scr (OR = − 8.20, 95% CI − 12.71, − 3.69; P = 0.0004), BUN (OR = − 14.57, 95% CI − 20.50, − 8.64; P < 0.00001), proteinuria (OR = − 4.26, 95% CI − 5.15 to − 3.37; P < 0.00001), and renal sclerosis score (OR = − 1.92, 95% CI − 2.66 to − 1.18; P < 0.00001), and MSC treatment could get higher levels of albumin. To detect the potential, the cytokines were also assessed, and the MSC treatment group had lower levels of IL-2, IL-12, IL-17, and IFN-γ when compared with the control group. However, the difference was not notable for IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, MCP-1, TNF-α, Th1, Th17, Foxp3, or Tregs. Conclusion Our study confirmed that MSC treatment in an animal model for lupus nephritis in the studies included in the meta-analysis resulted in lower levels of ds-DNA, ANA, Scr, BUN, proteinuria, and renal sclerosis score, and MSC treatment could get higher levels of albumin.