The Frailty Index in older women with gynecological cancer

Introduction Frailty is a key condition to be screened among elderly oncological patients. Aim of our work is to measure the functional and prognostic value for 1-year mortality of the Frailty Index (FI) in a cohort of older women with gynecological cancer. Methods The prognostic value of FI was tested in 200 older women with gynaecological cancer (mean age = 73.5 years). FI was retrospectively calculated following the Rockwood model. Spearman's rho test was used for correlations with other oncological scales: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status (ECOG); Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS); Vulnerable Elders Scale-13 (VES-13). Cox proportional hazard models and ROC curve were performed to estimate prognostic role of 1-year mortality. Sensitivity and specificity were also calculated. Results FI is normally distributed and descriptive statistics define our population as frail (mean = 0.25±0.11, range 0.08-0.51). 0.7 is confirmed as an upper limit compatible with life. FI does not significantly correlates with age, ECOG and KPS while it positively correlates with VES-13 ( r = 0.7, p < 0.01). FI is the strongest predictor for 1-year mortality confirmed after all adjustments for confounders (OR 3.40; 95% CI 1.55–7.45, p < 0.01) and by ROC curve analyses (0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.81, p = 0.01). Conclusions Frailty Index is a useful tool to detect vulnerability in onco-geriatrics and it predicts 1-year mortality. Further studies are needed to confirm and extend these findings.