Role of the Pumilio gene in the reproductive system of Schistosoma japonicum

The elimination of schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease caused by Schistosoma and a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, faces serious challenges. Although the pumilio protein regulates the reproductive organ development in many species, its role in Schistosoma japonicum is unknown. Thus, this study investigated the function of pumilio in S. japonicum reproduction. The complete coding sequences of S. japonicum Pumilio1 ( SjPum1 ) and SjPum2 genes were cloned and characterized. The full-length open-reading frame SjPum1 (2613 nucleotides) and SjPum2 (4479 nucleotides) genes were obtained. Bioinformatics analysis showed that those genes belonged to the PUF (pumilio and FBF) family. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction analyses revealed that SjPum1 and SjPum2 were differentially expressed throughout the S. japonicum life cycle and were highly expressed in reproductive organs. In situ hybridization results showed that mRNA expression of SjPum2 was higher than that of SjPum1 in the ovary and testis. Knocking down SjPum2 using RNA interference techniques to explore potential reproductive functions showed that compared with the control (untransfected or scrambled mRNA-transfected) worms, the morphology of both male and female reproductive organs was altered, the number of eggs produced by paired females was significantly decreased, and the transcription levels of caspase 3 and caspase 7 genes related to apoptosis were significantly increased . The transcription level of Nanos1 gene which related to reproduction was also significantly increased. Therefore, SjPum2 may play a role in the reproductive development of S. japonicum .