Gene expression, biochemical and physiological activities in evaluating melon seed vigor through ethanol release

•Ethanol test, conducted with 25 seeds partially soaked, for 6 h, is a fast and efficient method.•CAT and SOD activity are related with ethanol test, due to oxidative stress in deteriorated seeds.•ADH variation demonstrates adjustment of gene expression related to seed vigor and corroborates the biochemical activity.•Protein metabolism changes can be related to the levels of vigor of melon seeds.